India is steadily expanding its clean energy capacity, and nuclear power is a key part of that long-term strategy. The country’s ambitious three-stage nuclear programme focuses on building advanced reactors that can generate reliable electricity while using fuel efficiently. A major milestone has now been reached with the prototype fast breeder reactor at Kalpakkam, which has entered an important operational stage. Developed by Indian scientists and engineers, this reactor represents a crucial step in strengthening India’s energy security while moving towards cleaner power generation.
India’s new nuclear power milestone at Kalpakkam:
India’s Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam has achieved criticality, a major milestone in nuclear reactor operations. In simple terms, criticality means the reactor’s nuclear chain reaction has started and can now sustain itself in a controlled way. The reactor has been developed by Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research and built by BHAVINI, both working under India’s Department of Atomic Energy. Located in Tamil Nadu, the 500-megawatt PFBR is one of the most advanced nuclear projects in India’s energy programme.
What is a nuclear reaction?
A nuclear reaction happens when the nucleus, the tiny centre of an atom, splits into smaller parts in a process called nuclear fission.
When this occurs:
- A very large amount of energy is released
- The energy appears mainly as heat
- That heat can be used to generate electricity
In nuclear power plants, this reaction is carefully controlled so the energy is released steadily and safely.
What is a nuclear reactor?
A nuclear reactor is a machine designed to use nuclear reactions to produce electricity.
Inside a reactor:
- Atoms, usually uranium or plutonium, split in a controlled reaction
- The reaction produces a large amount of heat energy
- The heat turns water into steam
- The steam spins a turbine
- The turbine drives a generator that produces electricity
Fun Facts:
- A tiny amount of nuclear fuel can produce huge amounts of energy.
- Nuclear energy does not produce smoke like coal, so it can be cleaner for the air.
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