Turtles are among the oldest living creatures on Earth. These slow-moving reptiles have survived for millions of years, swimming through oceans, crawling across forests, and living alongside changing climates and even dinosaurs. Today, however, many turtle and tortoise species are in danger because of pollution, habitat loss, climate change, and illegal wildlife trade. Every year on May 23, World Turtle Day is observed each year to remind people that these ancient animals need protection and care so they can continue to survive for future generations.
The day was first launched in 2000 by the American Tortoise Rescue, a non-profit organisation that works to protect turtles and tortoises across the world. The aim is simple: to encourage people to help these gentle reptiles survive for future generations. Scientists say turtles have been living on Earth for more than 200 million years, meaning they lived even during the time of the dinosaurs!
Also, read – Turtle vs Tortoise: Easy Differences Every Child Should Know!
How Many Species Are There?
Scientists estimate that there are around: 360+ species of turtles and tortoises in the world. This includes: Sea turtles, Freshwater turtles and, Land tortoises.
Why are Turtles in Danger?
Sadly, many turtles and tortoises are under threat. According to conservation groups and the International Union for Conservation of Nature, more than half of turtle and tortoise species are threatened with extinction. This makes turtles one of the world’s most endangered groups of reptiles.
Major dangers include:
- Plastic pollution in oceans
- Fishing nets trapping sea turtles
- Loss of beaches and forests
- Illegal wildlife trade
- Climate change
- Hunting and egg collection
Sea turtles often mistake floating plastic bags for jellyfish and accidentally eat them, which can make them very sick.
Turtles in India
India is home to many turtle and tortoise species, including: Olive Ridley Sea Turtle, Indian Roofed Turtle, and Indian Star Tortoise. Every year, thousands of Olive Ridley turtles arrive on the coasts of Odisha for a mass nesting event called arribada, where many turtles lay eggs together on beaches.
Why are Turtles Important?
Turtles are important for nature because they help keep ecosystems healthy.
For example:
- Sea turtles help maintain healthy seagrass beds and coral reefs.
- Freshwater turtles help clean rivers and ponds.
- Tortoises help spread seeds in forests.
Without turtles, many ecosystems could become unbalanced.
How can you help?
Students can also become “Turtle Protectors”! You can:
- Avoid throwing plastic into rivers or beaches
- Learn about wildlife conservation
- Never buy pet turtles from illegal sellers
- Join beach or park clean-up drives
- Spread awareness in school
Even small actions can help save these amazing creatures.
Also read about – All About Marine Turtles: History and Conservation
SDG Connect – This special report connects with:
- SDG 13 — Climate Action
- SDG 12 — Responsible Consumption and Production
- SDG 14 — Life Below Water
- SDG 15 — Life on Land
Know all about – 17 Sustainable Development Goals Explained: How The World Plans A Better Future By 2030
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