Independent India’s Historic Milestones

July 25, 2023 Mitali k

In 2023, India Celebrates 76 Years of being an Independent country and its 77th Independence day. The following are some of the key milestones achieved by India post Independence.

Also Read, India’s Republic Day: History And Celebrations

Day One : Independent India

On August 15, 1947 India attained independence from 200 years of British rule. The first prime minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru raised the Indian national flag at Lahori Gate, Red Fort, Delhi.

First 5 Years : India’s Independence

Mahatma Gandhi, the Father of the Nation was assassinated on January 30. 1948.

The Constitution of India came into force on January 26, 1950. This day is celebrated as the Republic Day.

India hosted the first ever Asian Games in 1951 in New Delhi.

The first general elections were held in India between October 1951 and February 1952. The first democratically elected prime minister was Jawaharlal Nehru.

10 – 15 Years : Glory Of India’ Independence

Arati Saha became the first Asian woman to successfully swim across the English channel in 1959.

In 1959 the first television was introduced in India.

The Indian football team won the gold medal in the 1962 Asian Games.

20 – 30 Years : History of the Independent of India

The Green revolution was launched in India in 1967. The Green Revolution involved the use of new techniques to grow and harvest crops with the help of modern machinery and technology. This enabled India to become the world’s leading agricultural country.

The Indian Space Research Organisation was founded in 1969.

The first Indian satellite Aryabhata was launched in 1975.

30 – 40 Years : Historical Events in Indian History

In 1979, Albanian-born Mother Teresa became the first Indian woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

In 1983, the Indian cricket team won its first World Cup in England defeating the mighty West Indies. Kapil Dev was the captain of the Indian cricket team.

Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian to travel to space in 1984.

India for the first time hosted the cricket world cup in 1987.

50 – 60 Years : Important Dates in Indian History

Amartya Sen became the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize for Economic Sciences in 1998.

In 2000, chess grandmaster Viswanathan Anand became the first Indian to win the World Chess Championship.

Pratibha Patil became the first woman to be elected as the President of India in 2007.

60 – 70 Years : 70 Years Of Independent India

In 2008, Abhinav Bindra became the first Indian to win an individual Olympic gold. He won the gold medal at the Beijing 2008 Olympics for 10m air rifle shooting. He has also won the World Championship gold and multiple medals at the Commonwealth Games and Asian Games.

In 2010, the Indian rupee got its own symbol.

India launched its first interplanetary mission to Mars in 2013.

India set up its first dedicated space laboratory Astrosat in 2015. Astrosat satellite was launched from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

70 – 75 Years : 75 Years Of Independent India

In 2017, the Indian national women’s cricket team entered the World Cup Final for the first time.

Neeraj Chopra became the first Indian field and track athlete ever to win an Olympic gold medal. He won the gold for javelin throw at the Olympics Games Tokyo 2020.

India secured a non-permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council for 2021-2022.

76 Years : Historical Movement of Independent India

India’s Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft took off from Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota to investigate a rarely explored part of the Moon, on July 14, 2023. Its mission is to be the first craft to land near the Moon’s south pole.

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Amazing Fact About SEA OTTER

July 20, 2023 Mitali k

There are many types of otters in the world. Some live on land, some in freshwater, others in the sea. Some live in the Americas, others in Asia. However, only one species of otter is fully aquatic – Enhydra lutris. This is the species known as the sea otter. They have webbed feet and powerful tails, which act as rudders, making them strong swimmers. Otters belong to the weasel family, which also includes weasels, honey badgers, and skunks among others.

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Scientific Classification Of Sea Otters:

Sea otters belong to the kingdom Animalia, the phylum Chordata, and the class Mammalia. They are part of the Mustelidae family, which includes other carnivorous mammals like weasels, honey badgers, and skunks. Furthermore, sea otters fall under the order Carnivora, which encompasses a wide range of carnivorous species.

Sea Otters Habitat – Coastlines and Oceans:

Sea otters are primarily found along the coastlines of the North Pacific Ocean. Their habitat ranges from Russia to Alaska, and they also inhabit the western coast of North America, down to California. They prefer environments with rocky shorelines, kelp forests, and coastal estuaries where they can find their favorite food sources.

Average Lifespan:

In the wild, sea otters have an average lifespan of around 9 years. However, in captivity, they can live up to an impressive 21 years.

Diet – Carnivores of the Ocean:

As carnivores, sea otters have a diverse diet, allowing them to maintain their energetic lifestyle. Their menu typically includes sea urchins, crabs, mussels, clams, and various other invertebrates found in their coastal habitats.

IUCN Red List Status – Endangered:

Sadly, despite their charm and significance in the ecosystem, sea otters are listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List. They face numerous threats, including historical overhunting for their fur, habitat loss, pollution, and oil spills, which have severely impacted their population.

Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are marine mammals belonging to the Mustelidae family. There are two main types or species of sea otters:

Northern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni): This species is found along the coasts of the northern Pacific Ocean, including Alaska, Canada, Russia, and Japan.

Southern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris nereis): This species inhabits the coastal waters of California, USA.

Sea Otters: A Fascinating Journey through Their Taxonomy

The classification of living organisms provides us with a systematic way to understand their evolutionary relationships and biological characteristics. Sea otters, like all living beings, are categorised within the taxonomic hierarchy, starting from the broadest category down to the most specific. Let’s take a closer look at the taxonomic classification of sea otters:

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Mammalia

Order: Carnivora

Family: Mustelidae

Here are some interesting facts about sea otters:

1. Sea otters have the highest density of fur of all animals. They average 1 million hairs every square inch. The hair keeps them warm!

2. Sea otters use their armpits as a carry bag. They have loose and saggy skin in their armpits that create space for them to store things like rocks. They use rocks as a tool to help them crack hard-shelled clams for food.

3. They can hold their breath for 5 minutes. They can search for food underwater for extended periods of time thanks to their enormous lung capacity.

4. Sea otters love deep dives. Most of their dives are within 60 feet of the surface, although they can dive as deep as 300 feet for food.

5. Otters sleep on their backs while floating and they hold hands when they sleep, so they do not drift apart. A group of sea otters floating together is called a raft.

6. Sea otters can eat 25% of their body weight in food each day. Their diet is varied but you can commonly find them munching on sea urchins, crabs, mussels and clams.

7. Approximately 90 percent of the world’s sea otters live in coastal Alaska.

8. Sea Otters are considered a keystone species.

9. Keystone species are those plants or animals that play a vital role in the working of the ecosystem.

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Taylor Swift Creates History

July 20, 2023 Mitali k

American superstar Taylor Swift now has more number-one albums than any other woman in history, after the recent release of “Speak Now (Taylor’s Version)”. The record has become the pop queen’s 12th number-one album on the US music charts, beating Barbra Streisand, who previously held the record with 11 number-one albums. Barbra Streisand is a 1970s singer. The album is a re-recorded version of one she released in 2010.

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Word Check: Billboard Advertising founded in 1894, hosts an annual and popular music awards. Billboard also comes out with weekly charts, including the Billboard 200 albums and the Hot 100 singles chart.

Some interesting facts about Taylor Swift

Taylor Swift’s full name is Taylor Alison Swift. She was born in West Reading, Pennsylvania, United States on December 13, 1989.

She grew up on a Christmas tree farm from the age of 5 to 10

Taylor Swift fans call themselves “Swifties”. The nickname is based on Taylor’s surname.

The Clive Davis Institute in New York has a course that focuses on the career and cultural impact of Taylor!

Some of her songs are texts she wanted to send to people in her life.

She wrote a young-adult fiction novel when she was just 14 years old.

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Did Human Ancestors Live Alongside Dinosaurs?

July 17, 2023 Mitali k

Researchers at the University of Bristol and the University of Fribourg in Switzerland say they have found evidence that human ancestors briefly lived at the same time as the dinosaurs. Scientists have often debated whether placental mammals – a group of animals that includes humans, dogs, and bats – existed at the same time as dinosaurs.

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OLD THEORY

Scientists have been able to understand a lot about the history of Earth thanks to fossils. However, until now the fossils of placental mammals that have been discovered are younger than 66 million years old. It was then that an asteroid hit Earth, which led to the mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs. This is why some scientists believe that placental mammals did not exist alongside the dinosaurs.

NEW THEORY

A recent analysis of the molecular clock data looked at the evolution of DNA and protein sequences over time. Lead author Emily Carlisle of Bristol’s School of Earth Sciences said: “We pulled together thousands of fossils of placental mammals and were able to see the patterns of origination and extinction of the different groups. Based on this, we could estimate when placental mammals evolved”. Using statistics, researchers have shown how the earliest forms of placental mammals emerged during the Cretaceous period and therefore co-existed with the dinosaurs for a short period of time.

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Earth Records Hottest Day Ever

July 17, 2023 Mitali k

Earth recorded the hottest day ever on July 6. According to data from US experts, the Earth’s daily average temperature surged to 17.23°C on July 6, breaking two previous heat records of 17.01°C and 17.18°C set on July 3 and 4 respectively. The temperatures were recorded by the University of Maine’s Climate Reanalyzer, an unauthorised system that studies global air temperatures at 2m above the surface.

Climate scientists are deeply concerned about the rising average temperature, with unprecedented sea surface temperatures and record low Antarctic sea ice. They have observed that the combination of ever-increasing greenhouse gas emissions and the return of El Niño is likely cause for this. The World Meteorological Organization (“WMO”) has declared that the weather conditions known as El Niño have started in the Pacific Ocean for the first time in seven years. WMO Secretary-General Professor Petter Taalas has said that “The onset of El Niño will greatly increase the likelihood of breaking temperature records and triggering more extreme heat in many parts of the world and in the ocean”. Before this, August 2016 was recorded as the warmest year ever, when the global average temperature reached 16.92°C.

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What is El Niño?

El Niño is part of the natural climate phenomenon called the El Niño Southern Oscillation.

It has two opposite states – El Niño and La Niña – both of which significantly alter global weather.

An El Niño event is typically declared when sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific rise to at least 0.5°C above the long-term average.

El Niño events typically bring increased rainfall in parts of southern South America, the southern United States, the Horn of Africa, and central Asia. El Niño can also cause severe droughts over Australia, Indonesia, parts of southern Asia, Central America and northern South America.

Did you know that El Niño means “the boy” in Spanish?

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Author: Mitali k