The Junior Age

Month: July 2025

Birds in Danger: What’s Driving the Massive Extinction Threat?

According to a study conducted by researchers at the University of Reading, more than 500 species of birds could go extinct within the next 100 years. The study, published in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution, analyzed data from nearly 10,000 bird species—covering almost all known bird species—and used information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature to assess extinction risks.

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Key Findings:

Habitat Loss: The expansion and intensification of agriculture was identified as the most significant cause of bird extinction risk. Habitat loss, more than any other factor, threatens bird populations around the world.

Threatened Species: Birds such as the puffin, European turtle dove, and great bustard are among those predicted to be at high risk of disappearing if current trends continue.

Environmental Impact: The loss of these birds would negatively affect the environment, as many plants and animals depend on birds for pollination, seed dispersal, and maintaining ecological balance.

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Even if people stop hunting birds and destroying their homes, many birds will still be at risk. Scientists say that some birds need extra help, like special breeding programs and places to live, to survive. The scientists say we need to act fast to protect these birds by saving their homes and helping the most endangered ones. This will keep nature healthy and balanced.

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World’s Oldest Boomerang Found

The world’s oldest boomerang is even older than previously thought. This curved boomerang, made from a mammoth tusk, was found in Oblazowa Cave in southern Poland in 1985. Archaeologists originally estimated in 1996 that the artifact was about 30,000 years old. 

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However, a recent reanalysis by a new team of scientists has dated it to around 40,000 years ago, making it significantly older than previously believed. After analysing its shape, researchers concluded that while the boomerang would have flown effectively when thrown, it was not designed to return to the thrower like modern boomerangs. Instead, the scientists suggest it was likely used as a hunting tool, or possibly as part of an ancient ritual or a piece of art. This mammoth ivory boomerang is exceptionally well-preserved and features marks indicating it was polished and crafted for use by a right-handed person.

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India’s Coastal Length Updated After 50 Years

India’s coastline is significantly longer than previously thought, now measured at 11,098.81 kilometers—an increase of 48% from the earlier accepted length of 7,516.6 kilometers. This change is not due to any territorial expansion but results from advancements in measurement techniques and a shift in the scale used for calculation.

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The previous official measurement of India’s coastline, approximately 7,516.6 km, was recorded in the 1970s. Earlier measurements relied on less detailed maps that missed many small curves, bays, and islands. With the help of modern tools such as satellites, drones, and sophisticated computer software, researchers have been able to include all the intricate features along the coast, resulting in a longer and more precise coastline measurement. This improved measurement is important for better managing coastal resources, protecting the environment, planning for climate change adaptation, and developing ports and fisheries. States such as Gujarat and West Bengal saw significant increases in their recorded coastline lengths.

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Word Check

A coastline is the place where the land meets the ocean or sea. It’s the edge of the land next to the water. Coastlines can be straight or have lots of curves, beaches, and small bays. They can change over time because of waves and weather.

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Introducing Viraaj Mascot For 2025 World Para Athletics Championships

India is going to host the 2025 World Para Athletics Championships for the first time ever. The 2025 World Para Athletics Championships will host more than 1700 athletes from over 100 countries. It is scheduled from September 27 to October 5, 2025, at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi. To celebrate this, India introduced the event’s official logo and mascot named Viraaj. Viraaj is a young elephant with a special blade prosthesis (an artificial leg). Viraaj represents strength, hope, and courage, showing how para-athletes overcome challenges and inspire others.

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The official logo of the 2025 World Para Athletics Championships is a fusion of movement, tradition, and identity. Designed in a circular format symbolising global inclusivity and motion, it features a para athlete in a racing wheelchair at its core — representing strength, speed and focus. Surrounding the athlete are iconic Indian cultural motifs: the peacock, the elephant, the sitar, and the wheel. At the centre stands the Lotus Temple – a symbol of New Delhi’s spirit and India’s hospitality.

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Shubman Gill Writes History:  Shatters Long-Standing Indian Cricket Records

India played very well to level the five-match Test series against Ben Stokes’ England team. After losing the first Test by five wickets at Headingley, Leeds, India came back strongly and won the second Test by 336 runs at Edgbaston, Birmingham. Shubman Gill, the captain of the Indian cricket team, made history by scoring a huge number of runs in this second Test match against England. He achieved a combined total of 430 runs in the match—scoring 269 in the first innings and 161 in the second innings.

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This performance set several records:

  • He posted the highest individual score by an Indian batter on English soil, surpassing Sunil Gavaskar’s 221 at The Oval in 1979.
  • He became the first Indian and Asian captain to score a double century in a Test match in England.
  • He recorded the highest-ever Test score by an Indian captain, surpassing Virat Kohli’s 254* against South Africa in 2019.

Shubman Gill’s 430-run match aggregate is the second-highest in Test history, behind only Graham Gooch’s 456 runs in 1990. 

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Did You Know?

India won their first-ever Test match at Edgbaston, Birmingham, in their ninth attempt since 1967. Before this victory, they had lost seven out of eight Tests played at this ground.

This win also marked India’s biggest overseas Test victory by runs. Their previous largest overseas win was by 318 runs against the West Indies at North Sound in 2019.

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