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2023 Summer Was The Hottest In 2,000 Years

Mitali k

It has been confirmed that the summer of 2023 in the Northern hemisphere was hottest in the last 2,000 years. The UN’s climate body has said that the last time the Earth was continuously this warm may have been more than 100.000 years ago.

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The experts looked at deep sea sediments and ice cores to determine this. They also looked at tree rings for valuable insights about climate. Tree rings not only show the tree’s age, but also record detailed information about the state of the climate each year as the tree grows. Scientists reviewed living specimens and fossils, from the European Alps to the Russian Altai mountains.

They studied trees living at altitude, where the impact of summer growth would be most clearly felt. In such places, ringe are usually wider in warmer years when there is more growth and thinner in colder years. This long term Tree ring record along with modern temperature data has shown that: Summer of 2023 was 2.07°C warmer than the “pre-industrial” period of 1850-1900. Compared with the coldest summer in the record which was the year 536, last summer was 3.93°C warmer.

How is Global Warming Tracked?

Presently, global warming is tracked by comparing temperatures to the “pre-industrial era”, before humans started burning large amounts of fossil fuels. This time period is widely defined as the period between 1850 to 1900.

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UN Report Says: More than 1 billion Food were wasted per day in 2022

Mitali k

UN Report Says: More than 1 Billion Meals Wasted per Day in 2022

According to a recent study by the United Nations (“UN”), households all over the world threw away one billion meals every day in 2022. In its latest Food Waste Index Report 2024 (“Report”), the UN stated that over $1 trillion worth of food was thrown away by businesses and households, when about 780 million people were going hungry.

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“Food waste is a global tragedy. Millions will go hungry today as food is wasted across the world, Inger Andersen, executive director of the UN Environment Programme, said in a statement. Such wastage was not just a moral but “environmental failure”, the report said.

It was also reported that food loss and waste generate 8 to 10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions. If food waste was a country, it would be the third-biggest emitter of greenhouse gas emissions on the planet behind the US and China.

The Report has also showed that almost one-fifth of all the food wasted in 2022: 

60% In our Homes 

28% By food services like restaurants and hotels 

12% By supermarkets and other shops

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The good news is that all the people that are currently hungry in the world (about 800 million people) can be fed over a meal a day just from the food that is wasted every single year.

The UN is asking countries to cut food waste by half by 2030!

Do you waste food? What can you do at home to minimise food wastage?

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The Stage Is Getting Set For COP28 In Dubai

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What Is COP 28?

COP28 is the popular name for the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2023. It will be held in Dubai from November 30-December 12, 2023. COP stands for “Conference of the Parties”, which are the 198 parties that have signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, originally adopted in Brazil in 1992.

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Since 1995, COPs have been held every year in different cities, with the exception of COP26 in Glasgow, which was delayed by a year due to the Coronavirus pandemic. COP is an annual event where representatives of the UN and governments from around the world discuss and make strategies to fight climate change on a global scale.

Who Attends COPS?

The conference is attended by representatives of the countries that are part of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. There are currently 198 parties, including all United Nations member states, UN General Assembly observers, and the European Union. Some charities, scientists, journalists, Indigenous Peoples’ groups, and general members of the public also attend. Once the meeting is over, the parties usually release a joint statement outlining their plans to tackle global warming and climate change.

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The Start Of COPS

The idea for COP came from the Earth Summit, which was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992. This was a very big international conference, organised by the United Nations because of the growing concerns about the environment. World leaders realised that countries needed to work together to fight climate change. During the Earth Summit, an international environmental treaty, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, was signed by 154 states. The treaty set out a requirement for regular meetings of the signatories so that environmental policies could be made and agreed. These meetings became known as Conferences of the Parties or COP for short.
The first COP was held in Berlin, Germany, in 1995.

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UNICEF Report: Millions of children Displaced Due To Climate Change

Mitali k

According to UNICEF’s “Children Displaced in a Changing Climate” report, 43 million children have been forced to leave their homes because of extreme weather events between 2016 and 2021. The report has predicted that 100 million more children will be displaced over the next 30 years due to climate change. UNICEF has stated that:

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• More needs to be done to help children affected by climate change.

• 95% of the children displaced were due to floods and storms.

• Two million children were displaced due to droughts and wild-fires.

• The highest number of children displaced were recorded from China and the Philippines.

The report has asked governments to protect children from the adverse effects of climate change, help them prepare to deal with climate change, increase participation of children in conversations about climate change, and give priority to children and young people when preparing action plans.

Word Check

UNICEF is an organisation that works to help children around the world.

Have you felt the effects of climate change where you live?

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Too Hot for Photosynthesis in Tropical Rainforests

Mitali k

Climate change could be gradually making the world’s tropical rainforests too hot for photosynthesis to occur. According to a recent study published in Nature, by a group of scientists from countries including the US, Australia, and Brazil,  some leaves in tropical forests from South America to South East Asia are getting so hot they may no longer be able to photosynthesize. This can have big potential consequences for the world’s forests. The ability of leaves to photosynthesize begins to fail when their temperature reaches around 46.7º C. Leaves can get much hotter than the air temperature. Currently, only 0.01 % of all leaves surpass this critical temperature every year. But scientists warn that air temperature rises of 4º C could push trees in tropical forests beyond a tipping point and into mass death. 

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Also Read, UN: Children Have the Right to Clean Environment

What are tropical rainforests and why are they so important?

National Geographic states that “a rainforest is an area of tall, mostly evergreen trees and a high amount of rainfall. Rainforests are Earth’s oldest living ecosystems, with some surviving in their present form for at least 70 million years”.

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They are home to ancient, towering trees and a huge variety of plants, birds, insects and fascinating mammals.  Rainforests are found on every continent except Antarctica. The largest rainforests on Earth surround the Amazon River in South America and the Congo River in Africa. 

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